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gui_w32.txt
*gui_w32.txt* For Vim version 8.2. Last change: 2020 Mar 25 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar Vim's Win32 Graphical User Interface *gui-w32* *win32-gui* 1. Starting the GUI |gui-w32-start| 2. Vim as default editor |vim-default-editor| 3. Using the clipboard |gui-clipboard| 4. Shell Commands |gui-shell-win32| 5. Special colors |win32-colors| 6. Windows dialogs & browsers |gui-w32-dialogs| 7. Command line arguments |gui-w32-cmdargs| 8. Various |gui-w32-various| Other relevant documentation: |gui.txt| For generic items of the GUI. |os_win32.txt| For Win32 specific items. ============================================================================== 1. Starting the GUI *gui-w32-start* The Win32 GUI version of Vim will always start the GUI, no matter how you start it or what it's called. The GUI will always run in the Windows subsystem. Mostly shells automatically return with a command prompt after starting gvim. If not, you should use the "start" command: > start gvim [options] file .. < *E988* The console version with the |-g| option may also start the GUI by executing gvim.exe: > vim -g [options] file .. To make this work, gvim.exe must exist in the same directory as the vim.exe, and this feature must be enabled at compile time. One may also use `:gui` from the console version. However, this is an experimental feature and this feature must be enabled at compile time. It uses a session file to recreate the current state of the console Vim in the GUI Vim. Note: All fonts (bold, italic) must be of the same size!!! If you don't do this, text will disappear or mess up the display. Vim does not check the font sizes. It's the size in screen pixels that must be the same. Note that some fonts that have the same point size don't have the same pixel size! Additionally, the positioning of the fonts must be the same (ascent and descent). The Win32 GUI has an extra menu item: "Edit/Select Font". It brings up the standard Windows font selector. Setting the menu height doesn't work for the Win32 GUI. *gui-win32-maximized* If you want Vim to start with a maximized window, add this command to your vimrc or gvimrc file: > au GUIEnter * simalt ~x < Using Vim as a plugin *gui-w32-windowid* When gvim starts up normally, it creates its own top level window. If you pass Vim the command-line option |--windowid| with a decimal or hexadecimal value, Vim will create a window that is a child of the window with the given ID. This enables Vim to act as a plugin in another application. This really is a programmer's interface, and is of no use without a supporting application to spawn Vim correctly. ============================================================================== 2. Vim as default editor *vim-default-editor* To set Vim as the default editor for a file type: 1. Start a Windows Explorer 2. Choose View/Options -> File Types 3. Select the path to gvim for every file type that you want to use it for. (you can also use three spaces in the file type field, for files without an extension). In the "open" action, use: > gvim "%1" < The quotes are required for using file names with embedded spaces. You can also use this: > gvim "%L" < This should avoid short (8.3 character) file names in some situations. But I'm not sure if this works everywhere. When you open a file in Vim by double clicking it, Vim changes to that file's directory. If you want Vim to start full-screen, use this for the Open action: > gvim -c "simalt ~x" "%1" Another method, which also works when you put Vim in another directory (e.g., when you have got a new version): 1. select a file you want to use Vim with 2. <Shift-F10> 3. select "Open With..." menu entry 4. click "Other..." 5. browse to the (new) location of Vim and click "Open" 6. make "Always Use this program..." checked 7. <OK> *send-to-menu* *sendto* You can also install Vim in the "Send To" menu: 1. Start a Windows Explorer 2. Navigate to your sendto directory: Windows XP: C:\Documents and Settings\%user%\SendTo Windows Vista: C:\Users\%user%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\SendTo . 3. Right-click in the file pane and select New->Shortcut 4. Follow the shortcut wizard, using the full path to VIM/GVIM. When you 'send a file to Vim', Vim changes to that file's directory. Note, however, that any long directory names will appear in their short (MS-DOS) form on some Windows versions. This is a limitation of the Windows "Send To" mechanism. *notepad* You could replace notepad.exe with gvim.exe, but that has a few side effects. Some programs rely on notepad arguments, which are not recognized by Vim. For example "notepad -p" is used by some applications to print a file. It's better to leave notepad where it is and use another way to start Vim. *win32-popup-menu* A more drastic approach is to install an "Edit with Vim" entry in the popup menu for the right mouse button. With this you can edit any file with Vim. This can co-exist with the file associations mentioned above. The difference is that the file associations will make starting Vim the default action. With the "Edit with Vim" menu entry you can keep the existing file association for double clicking on the file, and edit the file with Vim when you want. For example, you can associate "*.mak" with your make program. You can execute the makefile by double clicking it and use the "Edit with Vim" entry to edit the makefile. You can select any files and right-click to see a menu option called "Edit with gvim". Choosing this menu option will invoke gvim with the file you have selected. If you select multiple files, you will find two gvim-related menu options: "Edit with multiple gvims" -- one gvim for each file in the selection "Edit with single gvim" -- one gvim for all the files in the selection And if there already is a gvim running: "Edit with existing gvim" -- edit the file with the running gvim The "edit with existing Vim" entries can be disabled by adding an entry in the registry under HKLM\Software\Vim\Gvim, named DisableEditWithExisting, and with any value. *install-registry* You can add the "Edit with Vim" menu entry in an easy way by using the "install.exe" program. It will add several registry entries for you. You can also do this by hand. This is complicated! Use the install.exe if you can. 1. Start the registry editor with "regedit". 2. Add these keys: key value name value ~ HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\CLSID\{51EEE242-AD87-11d3-9C1E-0090278BBD99} {default} Vim Shell Extension HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\CLSID\{51EEE242-AD87-11d3-9C1E-0090278BBD99}\InProcServer32 {default} {path}\gvimext.dll ThreadingModel Apartment HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\*\shellex\ContextMenuHandlers\gvim {default} {51EEE242-AD87-11d3-9C1E-0090278BBD99} HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Shell Extensions\Approved {51EEE242-AD87-11d3-9C1E-0090278BBD99} Vim Shell Extension HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Vim\Gvim path {path}\gvim.exe HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\vim 8.2 DisplayName Vim 8.2: Edit with Vim popup menu entry UninstallString {path}\uninstall.exe Replace {path} with the path that leads to the executable. Don't type {default}, this is the value for the key itself. To remove "Edit with Vim" from the popup menu, just remove the registry entries mentioned above. The "uninstall.exe" program can do this for you. You can also use the entry in the Windows standard "Add/Remove Programs" list. If you notice that this entry overrules other file type associations, set those associations again by hand (using Windows Explorer, see above). This only seems to happen on some Windows NT versions (Windows bug?). Procedure: 1. Find the name of the file type. This can be done by starting the registry editor, and searching for the extension in \\HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT 2. In a Windows Explorer, use View/Options/File Types. Search for the file type in the list and click "Edit". In the actions list, you can select on to be used as the default (normally the "open" action) and click on the "Set Default" button. Vim in the "Open With..." context menu *win32-open-with-menu* If you use the Vim install program you have the choice to add Vim to the "Open With..." menu. This means you can use Vim to edit many files. Not every file (for unclear reasons...), thus the "Edit with Vim" menu entry is still useful. One reason to add this is to be able to edit HTML files directly from Internet Explorer. To enable this use the "Tools" menu, "Internet Options..." entry. In the dialog select the "Programs" tab and select Vim in the "HTML editor" choice. If it's not there then installing didn't work properly. Doing this manually can be done with this script: ---------------------------------------------------------- REGEDIT4 [HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Applications\gvim.exe] [HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Applications\gvim.exe\shell] [HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Applications\gvim.exe\shell\edit] [HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Applications\gvim.exe\shell\edit\command] @="c:\\vim\\vim82\\gvim.exe \"%1\"" [HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.htm\OpenWithList\gvim.exe] [HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\*\OpenWithList\gvim.exe] ---------------------------------------------------------- Change the "c:\\vim\\vim82" bit to where gvim.exe is actually located. To uninstall this run the Vim uninstall program or manually delete the registry entries with "regedit". ============================================================================== 3. Using the clipboard *gui-clipboard* Windows has a clipboard, where you can copy text to, and paste text from. Vim supports this in several ways. For other systems see |gui-selections|. The "* register reflects the contents of the clipboard. |quotestar| When the "unnamed" string is included in the 'clipboard' option, the unnamed register is the same. Thus you can yank to and paste from the clipboard without prepending "* to commands. The 'a' flag in 'guioptions' is not included by default. This means that text is only put on the clipboard when an operation is performed on it. Just Visually selecting text doesn't put it on the clipboard. When the 'a' flag is included, the text is copied to the clipboard even when it is not operated upon. *mswin.vim* To use the standard MS-Windows way of CTRL-X, CTRL-C and CTRL-V, use the $VIMRUNTIME/mswin.vim script. You could add this line to your _vimrc file: > source $VIMRUNTIME/mswin.vim Since CTRL-C is used to copy the text to the clipboard, it can't be used to cancel an operation. Use CTRL-Break for that. CTRL-Z is used for undo. This means you can't suspend Vim with this key, use |:suspend| instead (if it's supported at all). *CTRL-V-alternative* *CTRL-Q* Since CTRL-V is used to paste, you can't use it to start a blockwise Visual selection. You can use CTRL-Q instead. You can also use CTRL-Q in Insert mode and Command-line mode to get the old meaning of CTRL-V. But CTRL-Q doesn't work for terminals when it's used for control flow. NOTE: The clipboard support still has a number of bugs. See |todo|. ============================================================================== 4. Shell Commands *gui-shell-win32* Vim uses another window for external commands, to make it possible to run any command. The external command gets its own environment for running, just like it was started from a DOS prompt. *win32-vimrun* Executing an external command is done indirectly by the "vimrun" command. The "vimrun.exe" must be in the path for this to work. Or it must be in the same directory as the Vim executable. If "vimrun" cannot be found, the command is executed directly, but then the DOS window closes immediately after the external command has finished. WARNING: If you close this window with the "X" button, and confirm the question if you really want to kill the application, Vim may be killed too! (This does not apply to commands run asynchronously with ":!start".) The window in which the commands are executed will be the default you have set up for "Console" in Control Panel. *win32-!start* Normally, Vim waits for a command to complete before continuing (this makes sense for most shell commands which produce output for Vim to use). If you want Vim to start a program and return immediately, you can use the following syntax: > :!start [/min] {command} The optional "/min" causes the window to be minimized. ============================================================================== 5. Special colors *win32-colors* On Win32, the normal DOS colors can be used. See |dos-colors|. Additionally the system configured colors can also be used. These are known by the names Sys_XXX, where XXX is the appropriate system color name, from the following list (see the Win32 documentation for full descriptions). Case is ignored. Sys_3DDKShadow Sys_3DFace Sys_BTNFace Sys_3DHilight Sys_3DHighlight Sys_BTNHilight Sys_BTNHighlight Sys_3DLight Sys_3DShadow Sys_BTNShadow Sys_ActiveBorder Sys_ActiveCaption Sys_AppWorkspace Sys_Background Sys_Desktop Sys_BTNText Sys_CaptionText Sys_GrayText Sys_Highlight Sys_HighlightText Sys_InactiveBorder Sys_InactiveCaption Sys_InactiveCaptionText Sys_InfoBK Sys_InfoText Sys_Menu Sys_MenuText Sys_ScrollBar Sys_Window Sys_WindowFrame Sys_WindowText Probably the most useful values are Sys_Window Normal window background Sys_WindowText Normal window text Sys_Highlight Highlighted background Sys_HighlightText Highlighted text These extra colors are also available: Gray, Grey, LightYellow, SeaGreen, Orange, Purple, SlateBlue, Violet, *rgb.txt* Additionally, colors defined by a "rgb.txt" file can be used. This file is well known from X11. A few lines from it: > 255 218 185 peach puff 205 133 63 peru 255 181 197 pink This shows the layout of the file: First the R, G and B value as a decimal number, followed by the name of the color. The four fields are separated by spaces. You can get an rgb.txt file from any X11 distribution. It is located in a directory like "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/". For Vim it must be located in the $VIMRUNTIME directory. Thus the file can be found with "$VIMRUNTIME/rgb.txt". ============================================================================== *gui-w32-dialogs* *dialog* 6. Windows dialogs & browsers The Win32 GUI can use familiar Windows components for some operations, as well as the traditional interface shared with the console version. 6.1 Dialogs The dialogs displayed by the "confirm" family (i.e. the 'confirm' option, |:confirm| command and |confirm()| function) are GUI-based rather than the console-based ones used by other versions. The 'c' flag in 'guioptions' changes this. 6.2 File Browsers When prepending ":browse" before file editing commands, a file requester is used to allow you to select an existing file. See |:browse|. 6.3 Tearoff Menus The Win32 GUI emulates Motif's tear-off menus. At the top of each menu you will see a small graphic "rip here" sign. Selecting it will cause a floating window to be created with the same menu entries on it. The floating menu can then be accessed just as if it was the original (including sub-menus), but without having to go to the menu bar each time. This is most useful if you find yourself using a command buried in a sub-menu over and over again. The tearoff menus can be positioned where you like, and always stay just above the Main Vim window. You can get rid of them by closing them as usual; they also of course close when you exit Vim. *:tearoff* *:te* :te[aroff] {name} Tear-off the menu {name}. The menu named must have at least one subentry, but need not appear on the menu-bar (see |win32-hidden-menus|). Example: > :tearoff File will make the "File" menu (if there is one) appear as a tearoff menu. > :amenu ]Toolbar.Make :make<CR> :tearoff ]Toolbar This creates a floating menu that doesn't exist on the main menu-bar. Note that a menu that starts with ']' will not be displayed. ============================================================================== 7. Command line arguments *gui-w32-cmdargs* Command line arguments behave the same way as with the console application, see |win32-cmdargs|. ============================================================================== 8. Various *gui-w32-various* *gui-w32-printing* The "File/Print" menu prints the text with syntax highlighting, see |:hardcopy|. If you just want to print the raw text and have a default printer installed this should also work: > :w >>prn Vim supports a number of standard MS Windows features. Some of these are detailed elsewhere: see |'mouse'|, |win32-hidden-menus|. *drag-n-drop-win32* You can drag and drop one or more files into the Vim window, where they will be opened as normal. See |drag-n-drop|. *:simalt* *:sim* :sim[alt] {key} simulate pressing {key} while holding Alt pressed. {only for Win32 versions} Note: ":si" means ":s" with the "i" flag. Normally, Vim takes control of all Alt-<Key> combinations, to increase the number of possible mappings. This clashes with the standard use of Alt as the key for accessing menus. The quick way of getting standard behavior is to set the 'winaltkeys' option to "yes". This however prevents you from mapping Alt keys at all. Another way is to set 'winaltkeys' to "menu". Menu shortcut keys are then handled by windows, other ALT keys can be mapped. This doesn't allow a dependency on the current state though. To get round this, the :simalt command allows Vim (when 'winaltkeys' is not "yes") to fake a Windows-style Alt keypress. You can use this to map Alt key combinations (or anything else for that matter) to produce standard Windows actions. Here are some examples: > :map <M-f> :simalt f<CR> This makes Alt-F pop down the 'File' menu (with the stock Menu.vim) by simulating the keystrokes Alt, F. > :map <M-Space> :simalt ~<CR> This maps Alt-Space to pop down the system menu for the Vim window. Note that ~ is used by simalt to represent the <Space> character. > :map <C-n> :simalt ~n<CR> Maps Control-N to produce the keys Alt-Space followed by N. This minimizes the Vim window via the system menu. Note that the key changes depending on the language you are using. *intellimouse-wheel-problems* When using the Intellimouse mouse wheel causes Vim to stop accepting input, go to: ControlPanel - Mouse - Wheel - UniversalScrolling - Exceptions And add gvim to the list of applications. This problem only appears to happen with the Intellimouse driver 2.2 and when "Universal Scrolling" is turned on. XPM support *w32-xpm-support* GVim can be built on MS-Windows with support for XPM files. |+xpm_w32| See the Make_mvc.mak file for instructions, search for XPM. To try out if XPM support works do this: > :help :let runtime = escape($VIMRUNTIME, ' \') :exe 'sign define vimxpm icon=' .. runtime .. '\\vim16x16.xpm' :exe 'sign place 1 line=1 name=vimxpm file=' .. expand('%:p') < You may need to get the vim16x16.xpm file from github: https://github.com/vim/vim/blob/master/runtime/vim16x16.xpm vim:tw=78:sw=4:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl:
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